黄浦江底泥和生物膜对汞的吸附及形态分析

为探讨影响沉积物和生物膜对汞的吸附量及吸附形态的各种因素,采集了黄浦江底泥和生物膜样品,进行汞的吸附实验.发现pH值和Na+浓度是影响吸附的重要因素:pH=6时,汞的吸附量达到最大;在低的离子浓度范围内,吸附量随着离子浓度的增加而增加,当Na+浓度达到一定值时,吸附量反而降低。通过对吸附数据的拟和发现,Freundlich方程更适于描述汞在底泥中的吸附过程,而Langmuir方程更适于描述汞在生物膜中的吸附过程。外加汞源后,生物膜所转化的气态汞和有机质结合态汞含量较高,而底泥中的有机质结合态的汞含量则较高。     

不同重金属在烤烟中的累积分配特征研究

研究了重金属Hg、As、Pb在烤烟中的累积分布。结果表明：烤烟对Hg、As、Pb的耐受力较强；Hg抑制K326根系的生长，Pb、As对K326的生长有一定的促进作用。随着重金属浓度的增加，各部位重金属含量和烟株累积总量多呈增加趋势。在不同的处理下，3种重金属的含量在根系中最高；在相同的处理下，重金属在烟叶各部位的含量按大小顺序均为下部叶〉中部叶〉上部叶。随着处理浓度的增加，分配在根系中的重金属元素的比例不断增加，而在叶片中的分配比例不断降低；按重金属元素在叶片中的分配比例排序为Hg〉As〉Pb。     

蛭石对汞的吸附性能研究

研究了以蛭石作为吸附剂对汞的吸附作用，并探讨了蛭石的改性和添加絮凝剂的联合吸附情况。实验结果表明，蛭石对汞具有较强的吸附作用，吸附速度快；蛭石经CTMAB改性后对汞的吸附能力显著提高；蛭石与絮凝剂之间存在协同作用，联合处理溶液中痕量汞的效果好，用吸附絮凝法处理含汞废水有较高的应用价值。     

Introductory remarks on mercury pollution in China

Ｃｈｉｎａｉｓｒｉｃｈｉｎｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ,ｒａｎｋｉｎｇｔｈｉｒｄｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .ＭｅｒｃｕｒｙｏｒｅｓａｒｅｍｏｓｔｌｙｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｉｎＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔａｎｄＣｅｎｔｒａｌＣｈｉｎａｌｉｋｅＧｕｉｚｈｏｕ ,ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＳｈａａｎｘｉ,ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＨｅｎａｎａｎｄＥａｓｔｅｒｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓ,ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙＧｕｉｚｈｏｕｗｈｅｒｅ 75%ｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｏｒｅｏｆａｌｌＣｈｉｎａｅｘｉｓｔｓ.Ａｎｎｕａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎ 60’ｓａ…     

Epidemiological investigation on mercury contamination in gold mining and its effect on health

Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎ ｐａｉｄ ｇｒｅａｔａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ(Ｚｉｌｌｏｕｘ ,1993;Ｍｏｎａｍｙ ,1993;Ｇｕａｎ ,1994;Ｙａｎｇ ,1992 ;Ｌｉ,1993;1994;ＳＣＯＰＥ ,1994) .ＴｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｆｏｃｕｓｉｓｔｏｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅＨｇｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｔｈｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｈｕｍａｎ’ｓｈｅａｌｔｈ .Ｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍ“ｍｉ…     

红树幼苗对汞的吸收和净化

在砂培条件下用含汞海水处理的秋茄和桐花树等红树幼苗,其汞含量随着原培养液汞含量增加而增加.所吸收的汞大部分累积于根部,在1ppm汞浓度组,根部吸收的汞仅约有3％被转运到茎叶中.汞在根中的积累是与培养液汞含量呈双对数正相关.秋茄和桐花树根对汞的积累分别是原培养液汞浓度的16—174和16—100倍.桐花树和秋茄整株植物在四星期内吸收汞总量分别为原加汞总量的3.5—21％和3.2—37％.1ppm汞未对红树植物发生毒害作用,因此红树林对海水汞污染有一定的净化作用.     

甲基汞和硒在鲤鱼组织中的蓄积及对肝胰脏中某些元素含量的影响

在20±2℃测定鲤鱼在28天受甲基汞、硒接触期间,肌肉、脑和肝胰脏中蓄积的汞,肌肉中蓄积的硒。用扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱仪测定肝胰脏中Na,P,K,S,Cl,Ca等元素的含量与汞吸收量之间的关系。试验结果说明汞与硒之间存在拮抗作用。     

不同品种茶叶钼含量的测定研究

在硫酸－硫酸钠－苯羟乙酸－氯酸钠体系中，钼可以产生一灵敏的单峰极谱催化波，峰电位为－０．２３Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），线性范围为０．０４￣１００ｎｇ／ｇ，干扰元素极少。本研究首次使用极谱催化波测定茶叶中痕量钼，方法灵敏、准确、简便、选择性好。     

北京市表层浮土和水体底泥中汞的赋存形态及其相互关系

应用分级萃取法测定了12个北京市表层浮士和3个水体底泥中汞的赋存形态,并应用多元统计分析对其相互关系进行了研究.北京市表层浮土中汞的含量分布变异较大,但其趋势为:残渣态>强有机结合态>水溶态>其它形态.各形态汞含量主要取决于上壤和底泥中汞含量的大小,其次才是环境因素.强有机结合态和残渣态是主要的赋存形态,对汞在土壤和底泥中的固定起着重要的作用.较易移动的水溶态、FA结合态和交换态对汞在环境中的迁移转化也有一定的影响.盐酸提取态汞主要包括水溶态、交换态、FA结合态和碳酸盐结合态.     

Biomagnification factors (fish to Osprey eggs from Willamette River,Oregon, U.S.A.) for PCDDs,PCDFs, PCBs and OC pesticides

A migratory population of 78 pairs of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting along the Willamette River in westernOregon was studied in 1993. The study was designed to determinecontaminant concentrations in eggs, contaminant concentrationsin fish species predominant in the Ospreys diet, andBiomagnification Factors (BMFs) of contaminants from fish specieseaten to Osprey eggs. Ten Osprey eggs and 25 composite samplesof fish (3 species) were used to evaluate organochlorine (OC)pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs). Mercury was also analyzed in fish. Geometric meanresidues in Osprey eggs were judged low, e.g., DDE 2.3 g g^-1 wet weight (ww), PCBs 0.69 g g^-1, 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2.3 ng kg^-1, and generally well below known threshold values for adverse effects on productivity, and the population was increasing. Osprey egg residue data presentedby River Mile (RM) are discussed, e.g., higher PCDDs were generally found immediately downstream of paper mills and eggsfrom the Willamette River had significantly elevated PCBs and PCDDs compared to reference eggs collected nearby in the CascadeMountains. Prey remains at nest sites indicated that the Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) and NorthernPikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) accounted for an estimated 90.1% of the biomass in the Osprey diet, and composite samples of these two species were collected from different sampling sites throughout the study area for contaminant analyses. With the large percentage of the fishbiomass in the Osprey diet sampled for contaminants (and fisheaten by Ospreys similar in size to those chemically analyzed),and fish contaminant concentrations weighted by biomass intake, a mean BMF was estimated from fish to Osprey eggs for the largeseries of contaminants. BMFs ranged from no biomagnification(0.42) for 2,3,7,8-TCDF to 174 for OCDD. Our findings for themigratory Osprey were compared to BMFs for the resident HerringGull (Larus argentatus), and differences are discussed. Webelieve a BMF approach provides some basic understanding ofrelationships between contaminant burdens in prey species offish-eating birds and contaminants incorporated into their eggs,and may prove useful in understanding sources of contaminants inmigratory species although additional studies are needed.